SEJARAH STUDI ISLAM DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENDORONG PERKEMBANGANNYA

Islamic studies is a field of scholarship that is deeply rooted in the intellectual history of Islam and has developed in tandem with the dynamics of Muslim civilisation. Over time, Islamic studies has come to be understood not only as a normative study of religious teachings, but also as an academic discipline that integrates various multidisciplinary approaches. This article aims to trace the historical journey of Islamic studies from the early period of Islam to the modern era, while identifying the main factors behind its emergence as a scientific discipline. This study uses a literature review method with a historical-analytical approach to classical and contemporary sources. The results of the study show that the development of Islamic studies was influenced by internal factors, such as revelation, Islamic scientific tradition, and the needs of the people, as well as external factors in the form of interactions between civilisations, Western orientalism, and the challenges of modernity. Therefore, modern Islamic studies can be understood as a synthesis between classical intellectual heritage and current academic demands