PERBANDINGAN MODEL KURIKULUM PADA JENJANG SD SAMPAI SMA/SMK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM OPERASIONAL SD, SD IT, MI, SMP, MTS, SMA, MA, DAN SMK.

This study aims to compare curriculum models at the elementary, junior secondary, and senior secondary/vocational levels in Indonesia and to examine their implications for the development of the School Operational Curriculum (Kurikulum Operasional Satuan Pendidikan/KOSP). Each educational level adopts a distinct curriculum framework that aligns with students’ developmental stages, educational objectives, and instructional approaches. At the elementary level (SD/MI), the curriculum emphasizes the development of foundational literacy and numeracy skills as well as character education. At the junior secondary level (SMP/MTs), the curriculum focuses on strengthening conceptual understanding and fostering critical thinking skills. At the senior secondary level (SMA/MA), the curriculum prioritizes advanced academic development and preparation for higher education, while vocational schools (SMK) emphasize competency mastery and work-related skills. These distinctions significantly influence the formulation of the School Operational Curriculum (KOSP) at each institution. The KOSP must be designed contextually and flexibly, taking into account the school’s vision, mission, and students’ needs at each educational level. Therefore, the development of the KOSP cannot be standardized across institutions but must be adapted to the specific characteristics and educational goals of each type and level of school.